.::::: Lizards of the World - Scincomorpha - Gymnophthalmus :::::.
Last update: 20 May, 2004

The genus contains seven species found in tropical parts of South America.

Gymnophthalmus Merrem, 1820
Blepharactisis Hallowell, 1861
(Type = Blepharactisis speciosa)
Epaphelus Cope, 1876
Gymnophthalmus cryptus Hoogmoed, Cole & Ayarzaguena, 1992
 
Distribution: Venezuela.
Gymnophthalmus leucomystax Vanzolini & Morato de Carvalho, 1991
 
Distribution: Brazil.
Gymnophthalmus lineatus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Gymnophthalmus merremii Boulenger, 1885
Gymnophthalmus nitidus Reinhardt & Lütken, 1863
Gymnophthalmus quadrilineatus (Linnaeus, 1766)
Lacerta lineata Linnaeus, 1758
Lacerta quadrilineata Linnaeus, 1766
Distribution: Surinam.
Gymnophthalmus pleii

Bocourt, 1881
  • pleii Bocourt, 1881
     
  • luetkeni Bocourt, 1881
     
  • nesydrion Thomas, 1965
     
    • Distribution: Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique (pleii) and St. Lucia (luetkeni, nesydrion).
    Gymnophthalmus speciosus (Hallowell, 1860)
    Blepharactisis speciosa Hallowell, 1860
    Epaphelus sumichrastii Cope, 1876
    Gymnophthalmus birdi Stuart, 1939
    Gymnophthalmus laevicaudus (Cope, 1871)
    Gymnophthalmus speciosus birdi Stuart, 1939
    Gymnophthalmus speciosus speciosus (Hallowell, 1860)
    Gymnophthalmus speciosus sumichrastii (Cope, 1876)
    Gymnophthalmus sumichrastii (Cope, 1876)
    Tretioscincus laevicaudus Cope, 1871
    Distribution: Belize, Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama and Venezuela.
    Gymnophthalmus underwoodi Grant, 1958
     
    Distribution: Antigua, Barbados, Colombia, French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Guyana, St. Vincent, Surinam, Tobago, Trinidad and Venezuela.
    Gymnophthalmus vanzoi Carvalho, 1999
     
    Distribution: Brazil.
    Literature
    Benozzati, M.L. & M.T. Rodrigues. 2003. Mitochondrial Restriction-Site Characterization of a Brazilian Group of Eyelid-Less Gymnophthalmid Lizards. J. Herpetol., 37(1): 161-168.
    Censky, E.J. & K. Lindsay. 1997. Geographic Distribution. Gymnophthalmus underwoodi. Herpetol. Rev., 28(4): 210.
    Cole, C.J., H.C. Dessauer & A.L. Markezich. 1993. Missing Link Found: The Second Ancestor of Gymnophthalmus underwoodi (Squamata: Teiidae), A South American Unisexual Lizard of Hybrid Origin. Amer. Mus. Novitates, 3055: 1-13.
    Cole, C.J., H.C. Dessauer, C.R. Townsend & M.G. Arnold. 1990. Unisexual lizards of the genus Gymnophthalmus (Reptilia: Teiidae) in the neotropics: genetics, origin, and systematics. Amer. Mus. Novit., 2994.
    Hallowell, E. 1861(1860). Report upon the Reptilia of the North Pacific Exploring Expedition, under command of Capt. John Rogers, U.S.N. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 12: 480-510.
    Hoogmoed, M.S., C.J. Cole & J. Ayarzaguena. 1992. A new cryptic species of lizard (Sauria: Teiidae: Gymnophthalmus) from Venezuela. Zool. Meded., 66(1): 1-18.
    Kizirian, D.A. & C.J. Cole. 1999. Origin of the unisexual lizard Gymnophthalmus underwoodi (Gymnophthalmidae) inferred from mitochondrial DNA nucleotide sequences. Mol. Phylo. Evol., 11: 394-400.
    Leclair, R., Jr. 1978. Water Loss and Microhabitats in Three Sympatric Species of Lizards (Reptilia, Lacertilia) from Martinique, West Indies. J. Herpetol., 12(2): 177-182.
    Martins, J.M. 1991. An electrophoretic study of two sibling species of the genus Gymnophthalmus and its bearing on the origin of the parthenogenetic G. underwoodi (Sauria: Teiidae). Rev. Bras. Gen., 14: 691-703.
    Peters, J.A. & R. Donoso-Barros. 1970. Catalogue of the Neotropical Squamata. Part II. Lizards and Amphisbenians. Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 297: 1-293
    Powell, R. & K. Lindsay. 1999. Geographic Distribution. Gymnophthalmus underwoodi. Herpetol. Rev., 30(2): 110.
    Rodrigues, M.T. 1991. Herpetofauna das dunas interiores do Rio São Francisco: Bahia: Brasil. III. Procellosaurinus: um novo gênero de microteiideo sem pálpebra, com a redefinicão do gênero Gymnophthalmus (Sauria, Teiidae). Pap. Avuls. Zool., 37: 329-342.
    Schwartz, A. & R.W. Henderson. 1991. Amphibians and Reptiles of the West Indies. Descriptions, Distributions, and Natural History. Univ. Florida Press, Gainesville, 720 pp.
    Shaw, G. 1802. General Zoology or Systematic Natural History. Volume III. Part I. Amphibia. G. Kearsley, London, 615 pp.
    Vanzolini, P.E. & C.M. Carvalho. 1991. Two sibling and sympatric species of Gymnophthalmus in Roraima, Brazil (Sauria, Teiidae). Pap. Avuls. Zool., 37: 173-226.
    Yonenaga-Yassuda, Y, P.E. Vanzolini, M.T. Rodrigues & C.M. Carvalho. 1995. Chromosome banding patterns in the unisexual microteiid Gymnophthalmus underwoodi and two related sibling species (Gymnophthalmidae, Sauria). Cytogen. Cell Genetics, 70: 29-34.