| A
large genus of leptodactylid frogs distributed from
Mexico in the north to most of South America. The genus
contains over 40 species.
Physalaemus
Fitzinger, 1826
(Type
= Physalaemus cuvieri Fitzinger,
1826)
Engystomops Jiménez de la Espada,
1872
(Type = Engystomops petersi Jiménez
de la Espada, 1872)
Eupemphix Steindachner, 1863
(Type = Eupemphix nattereri Steindachner,
1863)
Gomphobates Reinhardt & Lütken,
1862
(Type = Gomphobates notatus Reinhardt
& Lütken, 1862)
Iliobates Steindachner, 1867
(Type = Gomphobates fuscomaculatus)
Liuperus Cope, 1861
(Type = Liuperus biligonigerus
Cope, 1860)
Microphryne Peters, 1873
(Type = Paludicola pustulosa Cope
1864)
Nattereria Steindachner, 1864
(Type = Nattereria lateristriga
Steindachner, 1864)
Paludicola Wagler, 1830
(Type = Bufo albifrons Spix, 1824)
Peralaimos Jiménez de la Espada,
1875
(Type = Bufo stentor Jiménez
de la Espada, 1872) |
|
|
Physalaemus
aguirrei Bokermann, 1966
Distribution: Brazil.
|
Physalaemus
albifrons (Spix, 1824)
Bufo
albifrons Spix, 1824
Paludicola albifrons (Spix, 1824) |
Distribution: Brazil.
|
Physalaemus
albonotatus (Steindachner, 1864)
Gomphobates
albonotatus (Steindachner, 1864)
Leiuperus albonotatus Steindachner,
1864 |
Distribution: Argentina,
Bolivia,
Brazil and
Paraguay.
|
Physalaemus
barrioi Bokermann, 1967
Distribution: Brazil.
|
|
Physalaemus
biligonigerus (Cope, 1861)
Gomphobates
biligonigerus (Cope, 1861)
Liuperus biligonigerus Cope, 1861
Paludicola biligonigera (Cope,
1861)
Paludicola biligonigerus (Cope,
1861)
Pleurodema biligonigera (Cope,
1861) |
Distribution: Argentina,
Bolivia,
Brazil, Paraguay
and Uruguay. |
Physalaemus
bokermanni Cardoso & Haddad, 1985
Distribution: Brazil.
|
Physalaemus
caete Pombal & Madureira, 1997
Distribution: Brazil.
|
Physalaemus
centralis Bokermann, 1962
Distribution: Brazil
and Paraguay.
|
Physalaemus
cicada Bokermann, 1966
Distribution: Brazil.
|
Physalaemus
coloradorum Cannatella & Duellman, 1984
Distribution: Ecuador.
|
Physalaemus
crombiei Heyer & Wolf, 1989
Distribution: Brazil.
|
Physalaemus
cuqui Lobo, 1993
Distribution: Argentina
and Bolivia.
|
|
Physalaemus
cuvieri Fitzinger, 1826
Gomphobates
notatus Reinhardt & Lütken,
1862
Paludicola neglecta Ahl, 1927
Paludicola notata (Reinhardt &
Lütken, 1862)
Physalaemus neglecta (Ahl, 1927)
Physalaemus neglectus (Ahl, 1927)
Physalaemus neglectus neglectus
(Ahl, 1927) |
Distribution: Argentina,
Bolivia,
Brazil and
Paraguay.
|
|
Physalaemus
deimaticus Sazima & Caramaschi, 1988
Distribution: Brazil.
|
Physalaemus
enesefae Heatwole, Solano & Heatwole,
1965
Physalaemus
neglectus dunni Cochran & Goin,
1970 |
Distribution: Colombia
and Venezuela.
|
Physalaemus
ephippifer (Steindachner, 1864)
Gomphobates
ephippifer (Steindachner, 1864)
Leiuperus ephippifer Steindachner,
1864 |
Distribution: Brazil.
|
Physalaemus
evangelistai Bokermann, 1967
Distribution: Brazil.
|
Physalaemus
fernandezae (Müller, 1926)
Paludicola
fernandezae Müller, 1926
Physalaemus barbouri Parker, 1927 |
Distribution: Argentina
and Uruguay. |
Physalaemus
fischeri (Boulenger, 1890)
Paludicola
fischeri Boulenger, 1890 |
Distribution: Venezuela.
|
Physalaemus
fuscomaculatus (Steindachner, 1864)
Eupemphix
fuscomaculatus Steindachner, 1864
Gomphobates fuscomaculata (Steindachner,
1864)
Iliobates fuscus Steindachner,
1867
Lystris fuscomaculata (Steindachner,
1864)
Paludicola fuscomaculata (Steindachner,
1864) |
Distribution: Brazil
and Paraguay.
|
Physalaemus
gracilis (Boulenger, 1883)
Liuperus
calcaratus Philippi, 1902
Paludicola bischoffi Boulenger,
1887
Paludicola calcarata (Philippi,
1902)
Paludicola gracilis Boulenger,
1883
Paludicola ranina Cope, 1885
Physalaemus bischoffi (Boulenger,
1887)
Pleurodema montevidense Philippi,
1902 |
Distribution: Argentina,
Brazil, Paraguay
and Uruguay. |
Physalaemus
henselii (Peters, 1872)
Paludicola
henselii Peters, 1872 |
Distribution: Argentina,
Brazil, Paraguay
and Uruguay. |
Physalaemus
jordanensis Bokermann, 1967
Distribution: Brazil.
|
Physalaemus
kroyeri (Reinhardt & Lütken, 1862)
Gomphobates
kröyeri Reinhardt and Lütken,
1862
Paludicola kröyeri (Reinhardt
& Lütken, 1862) |
Distribution: Brazil.
|
Physalaemus
lisei Braun & Braun, 1977
Distribution: Brazil.
|
|
Physalaemus
maculiventris (Lutz, 1925)
Eupemphix
maculiventris Lutz, 1925 |
Distribution: Brazil.
|
|
Physalaemus
maximus Feio, Pombal & Caramaschi, 1999
Distribution: Brazil.
|
Physalaemus
moreirae (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1937)
Engystomops
moreirae Miranda-Ribeiro, 1937
Physalaemus franciscae Heyer, 1985 |
Distribution: Brazil.
|
|
Physalaemus
nanus (Boulenger, 1888)
Eupemphix
nana Boulenger, 1888
Physalaemus nana (Boulenger, 1888) |
Distribution: Brazil.
|
|
Physalaemus
nattereri (Steindachner, 1863)
Eupemphix
marmoratus Steindachner, 1864
Eupemphix Nattereri Steindachner,
1863
Paludicola edentula Boettger, 1885 |
Distribution: Bolivia,
Brazil and
Paraguay.
|
Physalaemus
obtectus Bokermann, 1966
Distribution: Brazil.
|
|
Physalaemus
olfersii (Lichtenstein & Martens, 1856)
Nattereria
lateristriga Steindachner, 1864
Paludicola olfersii (Lichtenstein
& Martens, 1856)
Phrynidium olfersii (Lichtenstein
& Martens, 1856)
Phryniscus olfersii Lichtenstein
& Martens, 1856
Phyllobates glandulosus Fitzinger,
1863
Physalaemus personatus Fitzinger,
1864 |
Distribution: Brazil.
|
|
Physalaemus
petersi (Jiménez de la Espada, 1872)
Engystomops
Petersi Jiménez de la Espada,
1872
Eupemphix freibergi Donoso-Barros,
1969
Eupemphix paraensis Müller,
1923
Eupemphix petersi (Jiménez
de la Espada, 1872)
Eupemphix schereri Myers, 1942 |
Distribution: Bolivia,
Brazil, Colombia,
Ecuador,
French
Guiana, Peru
and Surinam.
|
Physalaemus
pustulatus (Shreve, 1941)
Edalorhina
pustulata Shreve, 1941
Engystomops pustulata (Shreve,
1941) |
Distribution: Ecuador
and Peru. |
Physalaemus
pustulosus (Cope, 1864)
Bufo
atrigularis Werner, 1899
Bufo pustulosus (Cope, 1864)
Bufo stentor Jiménez de
la Espada, 1872
Engystomops pustulosus (Cope, 1864)
Engystomops stentor (Jiménez
de la Espada, 1872)
Eupemphix gadovii Boulenger, 1903
Eupemphix pustulosa (Cope, 1864)
Eupemphix pustulosa trinitatis
Boulenger, 1889
Eupemphix pustulosus (Cope, 1864)
Eupemphix pustulosus pustulosus (Cope,
1864)
Eupemphix pustulosus ruthveni Netting,
1930
Eupemphix pustulosus trinitatis
Boulenger, 1889
Eupemphix ruthveni Netting, 1930
Eupemphix stentor (Jiménez
de la Espada, 1872)
Eupemphix trinitatis Boulenger,
1889
Microphryne pustulosa (Cope, 1864)
Paludicola pustulosa Cope, 1864
Peralaimos stentor (Jiménez
de la Espada, 1872)
Physalaemus pustulosus ruthveni
(Netting, 1930) |
Distribution: Colombia,
Costa Rica,
Mexico, Panama,
Trinidad and Venezuela.
|
Physalaemus
riograndensis Milstead, 1960
Distribution: Argentina,
Brazil, Paraguay
and Uruguay. |
Physalaemus
rupestris Caramaschi, Carcerelli & Feio,
1991
Distribution: Brazil.
|
Physalaemus
santafecinus Barrio, 1965
Distribution: Argentina
and Paraguay.
|
Physalaemus
signifer (Girard, 1853)
Paludicola
bresslaui Müller, 1924
Paludicola signifer (Girard, 1853)
Paludicola signifera (Girard, 1853)
Physalaemus bresslaui (Müller,
1924)
Physalaemus signiferus (Girard,
1853)
Rhinoderma signifera Girard, 1853 |
Distribution: Brazil.
|
Physalaemus
soaresi Izecksohn, 1965
Distribution: Brazil.
|
Physalaemus
spinigerus (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1926)
Engystomops
spinigera Miranda-Ribeiro, 1926
Physalaemus spiniger (Miranda-Ribeiro,
1926) |
Distribution: Brazil.
|
|
|
| Literature |
| Bertoluci,
J. 1998. Annual Patterns of Breeding Activity in Atlantic
Rainforest Anurans. J. Herpetol., 32(4): 607-611. |
| Bezerra,
A.M.R. 1998. Physalaemus nattereri. Predation. Herpetol.
Rev., 29(2): 98. |
Bokermann, W.C.A. 1962. Observacões biológicas
sobre "Physalaemus cuvieri" Fitz.,
1826 (Amphibia, Salientia). REv. Brasil Biol., 22(4):
391-399. |
|
Bosch, J., A.S. Rand & M.J. Ryan. 2000. Acoustic competition
in Physalaemus pustulosus, a differential response
to calls of relative frequency. Ethology, 106: 865-871.
|
| Bosch,
J., A.S. Rand & M.J. Ryan. 2002. Response to Variation
in Chcuk Frequency by Male and Female Túngara Frogs.
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| Boulenger,
G.A. 1883. Notes on little-known Species of Frogs. Ann.
Mag. Nat. Hist., (5)11(61): 16-19. |
| Boulenger,
G.A. 1887. Descriptions of new or little-known South-American
Frogs of the Genera Paludicola and Hyla.
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (5)20(118): 295-300. |
| Boulenger,
G.A. 1888. Descriptions of new Brazilian Batrachians.
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (6)1(3): 187-189. |
| Boulenger,
G.A. 1889. Description of a new Batrachian of the Genus
Eupemphix from Trinidad. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.,
(6)3(16): 307-308. |
| Boulenger,
G.A. 1890. Second Report on Additions to the Batrachian
Collection in the Natural-History Museum. Proc. Zool.
Soc. London, 1890(2): 323-328. |
| Boulenger,
G.A. 1903. Descriptions of new Batrachians in the British
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| Brandão,
R.A., B.A. Duar, A.C. Brito & A. Sebben. 1997. Geographic
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| Brasileiro,
C.A. 1998. Physalaemus centralis. Male-Male Combat.
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| Caramaschi,
U. & E.P. Caramaschi. 1991. Reassessment of the Type-locality
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| Caramaschi,
U., L.C. Carcerelli & R.N. Feio. 1991. A New Species
of Physalaemus (Anura: Leptodactylidae) from
Minas Gerais, Southeastern Brazil. Herpetologica, 47(2):
148-151. |
| Céspedez,
J.A. 1996. Geographic Distribution. Physalaemus riograndensis.
Herpetol. Rev., 27(1): 30. |
| Cochran,
D.M. & C.J. Goin. 1970. Frogs of Colombia. Bull. U.S.
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| Dobkin,
D.S. & R.D. Gettinger. 1985. Thermal Aspects of Anuran
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| Fegraus,
E.H. & D.M. Marsh. 2000. Are Newer Ponds Better? Pond
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in the Tungara Frog, Physalaemus pustulosus.
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| Feio,
R.N., J.P. Pombal, Jr. & U. Caramaschi. 1999. New
Physalaemus (Anura: Leptodactylidae) from the
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| Gascon,
C., S.C. Lougheed & J.P. Bogart. 1998. Patterns of
Genetic Population Differentiation in Four Species of
Amazonian Frogs: A Test of the Riverine Barrier Hypothesis.
Biotropica, 30(1): 104-119. |
| Gray,
H.M., D.M. Green & M.J. Peters. 1999. Physalaemus
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| Gray,
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| Haddad,
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|
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|
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|
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|
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