| A
monotypic genus of small slender salamander from northern
America.
|
Hemidactylium
Tschudi, 1838
(Type
= Salamandra scutata Temminck &
Schlegel, 1838)
Cotobotes Gistel, 1848
(Type = Salamandra scutata Temminck
& Schlegel, 1838)
Desmodactylus Duméril, Bibron
& Duméril, 1854
(Type = Salamandra scutata Temminck
& Schlegel, 1838)
Dermodactylus David, 1872 Lapsus |
|
|
Hemidactylium
scutatum (Temminck & Schlegel, 1838)
Batrachoseps
scutatus (Temminck & Schlegel,
1838)
Cotobotes scutatum (Temminck &
Schlegel, 1838)
Desmodactylus melanostictus (Gibbes,
1845)
Desmodactylus scutatus (Temminck
& Schlegel, 1838)
Salamandra melanosticta Gibbes,
1845
Salamandra scutata Temminck &
Schlegel, 1838 |
Distribution: Canada
and USA. |
|
|
| Literature |
| Altig,
R. & P.H. Ireland. 1984. A Key to Salamander Larvae
and Larviform Adults of the United States and Canada.
Herpetologica, 40(2): 212-218. |
Anton, T.G., D. Mauger, R.A. Brandon, S.R. Ballard &
D.M. Stillwaugh, Jr. 1998. Distribution, habitats, and
status of Four-toed Salamanders in Illinois. 45-48 In
M. J. Lannoo, (ed.). Status & Conservation of Midwestern
Amphibians. University of Iowa Press, Iowa City. |
| Beane,
J.C. & D.W. Herman. 1997. Geographic Distribution.
Hemidactylium scutatum. Herpetol. Rev., 28(3):
155. |
| Behler,
J.L. & F.W. King. 1979. The Audubon Society Field
Guide to North American Reptiles & Amphibians. Alfred
A. Knopf, New York, 743 pp. |
|
Bishop, S.C. 1920. Notes on the habits and development
of the four-toed salamander, Hemidactylium scutatum
(Schlegel). Bull. New York State Mus., 219-220: 251-282. |
|
Bishop, S.C. 1943. Handbook of Salamanders: the salamanders
of the United States, of Canada, and Lower California.
Comstock Publ. Co., Ithaca, New York, xiv + 555 pp. |
| Bittner,
T.D. & R.T. Bittner. 1998. Geographic Distribution.
Hemidactylium scutatum. Herpetol. Rev., 29(3):
171. |
|
Blanchard, F.N. 1922. Discovery of the eggs of the four-toed
salamander in Michigan. Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan,
126: 1-3. |
|
Blanchard, F.N. 1923. The life history of the four-toed
salamander. Amer. Nat., 57: 262-268. |
|
Blanchard, F.N. 1933. Spermatophores and the mating season
of the salamander Hemidactylium scutatum (Schlegel).
Copeia, 1933: 40. |
|
Blanchard, F.N. 1933. Natural history of the four-toed
salamander, Hemidactylium scutatum (Schlegel).
Anat. Rec. (suppl.), 57: 100-101. |
|
Blanchard, F.N. 1934. Late autumn collections and hibernating
situations of the salamander Hemidactylium scutatum
(Schlegel) in southern Michigan. Copeia, 1933: 216. |
|
Blanchard, F.N. 1934. The spring migration of the four-toed
salamander Hemidactylium scutatum. Copeia, 1934:
50. |
|
Blanchard, F.N. 1934. The relation of the female four-toed
salamander to her nest. Copeia, 1934: 137-138. |
|
Blanchard, F.N. 1934. The date of egg-laying of the four-toed
salamander, Hemidactylium scutatum (Schlegel),
in southern Michigan. Pap. Michigan Acad. Sci., Arts and
Letters, 19: 571-575. |
|
Blanchard, F.N. 1935. The sex ratio in the salamander
Hemidactylium scutatum (Schlegel). Copeia, 1935:
103. |
|
Blanchard, F.N. 1936. The number of eggs produced and
laid by the four-toed salamander, Hemidactylium scutatum
(Schlegel), in southern Michigan. Pap. Michigan Acad.
Sci., Arts and Letters, 21: 567-573. |
|
Blanchard, F.N. & F.C. Blanchard. 1931. Size groups
and their characteristics in the salamander, Hemidactylium
scutatum (Schlegel). Amer. Nat., 65: 149-154. |
|
Bleakney, S. & F. Cook. 1957. Additional records of
the four-toed salamander, Hemidactylium scutatum,
from Nova Scotia. Copeia, 1957: 142-143. |
|
Branin, M.L. 1935. Courtship activities and extraseasonal
ovulation in the four-toed salamander, Hemidactylium
scutatum (Schlegel). Copeia, 1935: 172-175. |
| Breitenbach,
G.L. 1982. The Frequency of Communal Nesting and Solitary
Brooding in the Salamander, Hemidactylium scutatum.
J. Herpetol., 16(4): 341-346. |
| Burgason,
B.N. & S.L. Davis. 1978. Geographic Distribution.
Hemidactylium scutatum. Herpetol. Rev., 9(1):
21. |
| Camp,
C. & J.B. Jensen. 2000. Geographic Distribution. Hemidactylium
scutatum. Herpetol. Rev., 31(1): 49. |
| Casper,
G.S. 1996. Geographic Distribution. Hemidactylium
scutatum. Herpetol. Rev., 27(4): 208. |
| Casper,
G.S. & K. Kirk. 2001. Geographic Distribution. Hemidactylium
scutatum. Herpetol. Rev., 32(3): 189. |
| Cobb,
V.A. & L.M. Cobb. 2001. Geographic Distribution. Hemidactylium
scutatum. Herpetol. Rev., 32(2): 111. |
|
Dieckmann, J.M. 1927. The cloaca and spermatheca of Hemidactylium
scutatum. Biol. Bull., 53: 281-285. |
| Dorff,
C.J. 1995. Geographic Distribution. Hemidactylium
scutatum. Herpetol. Rev., 26(3): 150. |
|
Duméril, A-M.C., G. Bibron & A.H.A. Duméril.
1854. Erpétologie générale ou histoire
naturelle complète des reptiles, vol. 9, xx + 440
pp. |
|
Dunn, E.R. 1926. The salamanders of the family Plethodontidae.
Smith College 50th Anniversary Publ., Northampton, Massachusetts,
viii + 441 pp. |
| Elliott,
M.J. & S.N. Smith. 2001. Geographic Distribution.
Hemidactylium scutatum. Herpetol. Rev., 32(4):
268. |
| Elliott,
M.J., S.N. Smith & J.B. Jensen. 2002. Hemidactylium
scutatum. Reproduction. Herpetol. Rev., 33(1): 45. |
| Frick,
M.G. & A.M. Lindsay. 1997. Geographic Distribution.
Hemidactylium scutatum. Herpetol. Rev., 28(2):
92. |
| Friet,
S.C. & M.D. MacDonald. 1995. Geographic Distribution.
Hemidactylium scutatum. Herpetol. Rev., 26(1):
41. |
|
Gibbes, L.R. 1844. Description of a new species of salamander.
J. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 5: 89-90. |
|
Gistel, J. 1848. Naturgeschichte des Theirreichs. Für
höhere Schulen bearbeitet durch Johannes Gistel...
mit einem Atlas von 32 Tafeln (darstellend 617 illuminierte
Figuren) und mehreren dem Texte eingedruckten Xylographien.
Stuttgart. |
| Hall,
C.D., G.S. Casper & J. Leclere. 2000. Geographic Distribution.
Hemidactylium scutatum. Herpetol. Rev., 31(2):
108. |
| Herrington,
B. 1997. Geographic Distribution. Hemidactylium scutatum.
Herpetol. Rev., 28(3): 155. |
| Ives,
T., Jr., S. Fletcher & B. Brinkman. 2001. Geographic
Distribution. Hemidactylium scutatum. Herpetol.
Rev., 32(4): 268. |
| Laerm,
J., D.A. Maidens & L. Lewis. 1997. Geographic Distribution.
Hemidactylium scutatum. Herpetol. Rev., 28(3):
155. |
| Meretsky,
V.J. & S.M. Pyles. 2001. Geographic Distribution.
Hemidactylium scutatum. Herpetol. Rev., 32(4):
268. |
| Meyer,
M.J., J.A. Crawford & S. Allison. 2002. Geographic
Distribution. Hemidactylium scutatum. Herpetol.
Rev., 33(3): 217. |
| Neill,
W.T. 1963. Hemidactylium. Cat. Amer. Amphib.
Rept., 1: 1. |
| Neill,
W.T. 1963. Hemidactylium scutatum. Cat. Amer.
Amphib. Rept., 2: 1-2. |
| Price,
S.J. 2000. Geographic Distribution. Hemidactylium
scutatum. Herpetol. Rev., 31(4): 249. |
| Price,
S.J. 2001. Geographic Distribution. Hemidactylium
scutatum. Herpetol. Rev., 32(1): 53. |
| Roble,
S.M. & C.S. Hobson. 1995. Geographic Distribution.
Hemidactylium scutatum. Herp. Rev., 26(1): 41. |
| Rossman,
S.C. & D.A. Rossman. 2001. Geographic Distribution.
Hemidactylium scutatum. Herpetol. Rev., 32(1):
53-54. |
| Sever,
D.M. 1976. Morphology of the Mental Hedonic Gland Clusters
of Plethodontid Salamanders (Amphibia, Urodela, Plethodontidae).
J. Herpetol., 10(3): 227-239. |
| Sever,
D.M. 1987. Hemidactylium scutatum and the Phylogeny
of Cloacal Anatomy in Female Salamanders. Herpetologica,
43(1): 105-116. |
| Smith,
S.N. & M.J. Elliott. 2001. Geographic Distribution.
Hemidactylium scutatum. Herpetol. Rev., 32(4):
268. |
|
Stevenson, H.M. 1958. A record of Hemidactylium scutatum
in Florida. Copeia, 1958: 49. |
|
Temminck, C.J., H. Schlegel & W. de Haan. 1833-1850.
Siebold's Fauna Japonica sive descriptio animalium, quae
in itinere per Japoniam... annis 1823-30 collegit, notis,
observationibus et adumbrationibus illustravit Ph. Fr.
de Siebold. Conjunctis studiis C.J. Temminck et H. Schlegel
pro vertebratis atque W. de Haan pro invertebratis elaborata.
Leiden. 6 vols. |
|
Tschudi, J.I. 1838. Classification der Batrachier, mit
Berucksichtigung der fossilen Thiere dieser Abteilung
der Reptilien. Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. de Neuchatel,
1839(1840): 1-99. |
| Wells,
C.S. & R.N. Harris. 2001. Activity Level and the Tradeoff
between Growth and Survival in the Salamanders Ambystoma
jeffersonianum and Hemidactylium scutatum.
Herpetologica, 57(1): 116-127. |
| Wilson,
C.R. 2000. Geographic Distribution. Hemidactylium
scutatum. Herpetol. Rev., 31(4): 249. |
|
Wood, J.T. 1953. Observations on the complements of ova
and nesting of the four-toed salamander in Virginia. Amer.
Nat., 87: 77-86. |
|
Wood, J.T. 1955. The nesting of the four-toed salamander,
Hemidactylium scutatum (Schlegel), in Virginia.
Amer. Midland Nat., 53: 381-389. |
|
